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Уважаемые старшекласники! На этой страничке вы можете найти материал, который поможет вам в качественной подготовке домашних заданий. The Republic of Belarus It is difficult to describe the blue of the sky or the flavour of the home wind, or the specific softness of the native soil, or the unusual beauty of the people around us. I want to tell you about Belarus. Belarus is my home country. Belarus is situated in the centre of Europe at the crossing of roads going from east to west and from north to south. Our land has been very attractive for many foreign countries. Mongols and Russians, Poles and Germans, Swedes and French had invaded it. Belarus stood as a buffer state between the East and the West . Belarus borders on Russia to the north and east, on the Ukraine to the south, on Poland to the west and on Lithuania and Latvia to the north-west. The republic's area is 207.600 square kilometres. It is just one fifth smaller than Great Britain in size, but it is larger than Denmark, Belgium and Greece taken together. If you go north, you will see a land of Braslav lakes with crystal-clear blue waters surrounded by pine groves. If you go west, you will find yourself in the Brest province - the land of immense fields and meadows. In the south infinite forests and marshes will attract you. They are called Belarusian Polesye. There are also some hills and elevations. They can be found in the northern and central parts of the country. There are a lot of rivers and streams and more than 10.000 lakes in the republic. The largest rivers are the Dnieper, Western Dvina, Pripiat and Neman, the largest lake is Narach. Forests and bush cover more than a quarter of the area. The most famous is Belavezhskaya Puscha. Rare bisons live there. They survived from glacial times. The climate is temperately continental. The coldest month is January and the warmest month is July. The population of Belarus is about 10 million. Belarusians are 80% of them, while the others are mostly Russians, Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. All these nationalities live here in good neighbourhood and peace because they have something in common: they all love their country, their history and their traditions. Towns are the most tensely inhabited. The most important centres are Minsk, the capital, Grodno, Gomel, Brest, Mogilev and Vitebsk. They are not only administrative, but also industrial and cultural centres of the six territorial regions of Belarus. The mineral resources of the country are : peat, oil, underground fresh and mineral waters, building materials and ores, that can be used for the production of fertilisers. Agriculture, manufacturing industry and commerce are the most developed branches of the economy. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the greater part of the population. It fully satisfies the need of the country for basic agricultural products, such as milk, meat, potatoes, vegetables, fruit and eggs. The most developed branches of manufacturing industry are machine building, instrument making, radio-electronics, woodworking, oil refining and a number of chemical, light and construction and food industries. Belarus has to import oil, gas, coal, metal, chemicals and cotton. Together with grain, sugar, vegetable oil, fish products, tea, coffee and wine they are the main items of Belarusian imports. Our country exports heavy lorries, tractors, motorcycles, bicycles, TV and radio-sets, data processing equipment and gas stoves, refrigerators and furniture, carpets and knitted goods chemical fibres and fertilisers, agricultural products. Belarus has good trade relations with Russia, the Ukraine, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Poland. Belarus is a presidential republic. The highest executive power is vested in a President elected for a five-year term. The Parliament - National Assembly is a representative and legislative body of the Republic of Belarus. The Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Soviet of the Republic. A Council of Ministers headed by a premier performs the executive power. The President appoints the Prime Minister. International economic and cultural activity of Belarus today is becoming more and more intensive. It contributes to the world peace, friendship and co-operation among nations. That is how I see my Motherland, young and old, beautiful and full of pride, independent and neutral, a country that is situated in the heart of Europe where all roads meet. Belarus: Homeland of the Great Belarus is a native Land of many great people - F.Skoryna, Е. Polotskya, L.Sapega, T.Kastushka, K. Kalinovski. There are names of people who became world famous. Difficult conditions of life in Belarus after its inclusion in the structure of the Russian empire, prosecution for struggle, for independence, numerous wars, and the economic difficulties made many Belarussians leave the country and look for the best destiny in other countries. Belarus had many waves of mass emigration. As a result now about 3,5 million of Belarussians live abroad. Many Belarussian emigrants became known, riching science cultures of other peoples and states. Due to numerous historical factors, mainly the centuries-long absence of a nation-state, Belarus became the home for prominent individuals of other countries. The works of Adam Mickiewicz and Wladyslaw Syrokomla, who were born on the territory of Belarus, became classics of Polish literature, Stanislaw Moniuszko was a famous Polish composer. Tadeusz Kosciuszko became a national hero of the United States and Poland, Ignat Domeiko was a founder of Chilean science. Nikolai Sudzilowsky-Russel was the first President of the Republic of Hawaii, and Simeon of Polotsk was the first educator to the Russian Tsar Peter the Great. Michal Oginski was a Polish composer and a Russian diplomat. In Russia, Belarusian craftsmen and artisans had built unique architectural monuments. Belarusians were at the forefront of Russian book printing and contributed to the formation of the Russian classic literature. The ancestors of the Russian author Feodor Dostoyevsky were nobles from the Pinsk Uyezd in western Belarus. The famous Russian geographer Nikolai Przevalsky and the French poet Guillaume Appolinaire also had their roots in Belarus. The two inventors and designers of aircraft Igor Sikorsky and Pavel Sukhoi, mathematician Vladimir Platonov, and astrophysicist Boris Kit, were born in Belarus. Belarus was also the birthplace of the first President of Israel Haim Veizman, Prime ministers and Nobel Prize winners Menahem Begin and Shimon Peres. It was the home to the President of the World Jewish Congress Naum Goldman and the prominent artists of this century, Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malewicz and Marc Chagall, as well as the Soviet cosmonauts Piotr Klimuk and Vladimir Kovalenok. Использованы материалы книги А.В.Конышева, О.П.Казакова "Let's talk about Belarus" |
